Play, wellbeing and displacement: A scoping review of implementing play opportunities in conflict-affected and crisis settings

Amid escalating global conflict and increasingly protracted displacement, the well-being of displaced children is a critical concern. One of the few reliable ways to maintain their well-being is play, but this is often sidelined in education in emergencies (EiE) responses. While substantial attention has been given to play-based learning initiatives, far less attention has been paid to access to recreational play. By synthesising 20 studies, this review identifies six interdependent aspects that support children’s wellbeing and socio-emotional development: safe play environments, adequate time for play, opportunities to meet peers, access to nature, trained adult facilitators, and opportunities for agency and choice. Guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) framework and PRISMA-ScR standards, the review highlights structural, cultural, and logistical barriers that constrain children’s play opportunities and reveals significant gaps in research and practice.